International Finance

a) Two recent developments in the international trade environment and its impact upon company

Developments and growth mainly depends upon the favourable business conditions of the nation. If an organisation is efficiently performing at national or domestic level than only It would be able to go across the border (Heuson and et. al., 2015). Hence, expansion of business at international not only helps to boost the structure of business more feasible but also enhance the capability to compete with rivals and get competitive edge. Here in the given context the recent development trends are discussed in the context UK’s and its impact is evaluated upon performance of Ted Baker.

BREXIT

It will not be a trivial task to disengage the United Kingdom from the different European institutions into which it has become woven; it will probably be the most complicated demerger ever envisaged. Impacts involve potentially disrupting the millions of lives of European citizens living within their home country, disrupting complicated suppliers in sectors like manufacturing and retail, banking as well as financial industries.

UK downgrade: There are some negative impact fall upon retail and manufacturing industries. The industries have overseas business in the EU nations would have to face major down fall due to this vast demerger. The tariffs on goods introducing in the EU nations get increased and the product lines related to the customs and unions also get impacted due to this major separation. Form the economic point of view UK had to lose the trading facilities and the cost of exports increased in EU nations. The struggling Scottish chain, which published three profit warnings from £ 8.5 m a year earlier in the last six months of the year to March 31, made a pre-tax gain of just £ 200,000 on £ 131 m revenues.

UK retail sales: There were huge downfall recoded in the UK retail industry because the supply chain structure of manufacturing and retail industries in the European nations had been completely broken and regulatory reforms were taking too much time to revise the import and export rates from UK to EU nations (Kenny, 2015). The cost of moving goods form UK to European nations was consistently increased which net impact fall upon the retail sales in European nations. There is possibility to enhance the productive initiatives in order to retrieve the damages due to BREXIT. One of the major impact upon retail sales of Ted Baker due to buyout of 35% stakes by David Bernstein the key stake holder of company. It is anticipated that the retail sales will increase by 9% with new opening of stores for the eighth week of January. The surge mainly helps in undertaking the tactical discounting policy to boost the sales for Christmas.

Store closure: Chief executive of company stated that it is going to ram down its least contributing stores in Britain due to difficult trading situation (Khan, 2015). Ted Baker now predicts underlying non-tax profits for that year up to Jan 2020 to drop in around £ 50 m and £ 60 m. Originally, investors had expected revenue of around £ 70 m. In February, the company had desired about earnings.

News: The annual report for the year 2019 does not reflects an impressive news reading one of the global lifestyle brand Ted Baker. It states that the profit before tax decreased by 26.1% to £50.9m for the month end of January, 2019. At last year it had profit of £68.8m. It came as rival retail retailer Quiz also blamed the slump on the street for yearly profits being wiped out. The upcoming expansion and innovative actions of company presents the favourable results and expectations for future growth and development of business in near future (Liu, Schmidt-Eisenlohr and Guo, 2017).

Uncertainty in the manufacturing industry: Factory doors closing in the last moment; large steelworks lurching on bankruptcy; indications of sale hauled over one of British industry's greatest stars (Newman and Posner, 2018). Have used the collaboration resources located at the top either side of the products via the record button. From either the fall of UK Steel into bankruptcy and the planned closures by Honda and Ford to the blocking of Bombardier's aviation facilities in Quebec, there will be concerns that British industry would undergo a period of stagnation comparable to the 1980s, When Margaret Thatcher's Current government's laissez-faire policies permitted malignant companies to diminish or collapse. Scenes like this that disfigured societies in the recent decades are now returning to haunt the UK, following a series of alarming changes at some of the biggest factories in the world that have left hundreds of jobs on the line. It is recorded that the Monthly declines since 2002 shows dropped out of 4.1%.

b) Key elements of the MNE’s international finance and risk strategy

Business risks reflect possible challenges for a business operation may be occurs in near future. Risk is integral part of business as well as important element of organisation to grab the effective and sustainable business structure and growth opportunities. There are some key risk management elements are defining below that assists business to manage the associated risk with in organisation

Vision: Effective ERM should be fundamentally important to the local bank and its "vision." COSO says, "One of the most crucial leadership tasks is to assess what uncertainty the company is ready to and embraces as it seeks to generate credit value." As such, ERM must determine where the local bank is today or where it wants to pursue its significance-creation efforts. This is one of the common treatment of enterprise planning and resourcing in order to succeeded the predictability of business risk in near future. The projection mainly undertakes the effectiveness of entity in volatile business situations (Morri and Mazza, 2015).

Correlation: this element mainly helps in assessing the relation between departments. As per this element the effectiveness in operations cannot be attained with a “silo mentality”. The risk assessment mainly carried out with effective pursuit within enterprises. It is analysed that the credit unions respond towards chief risk oriented categories and it also assist the logical process of retaining a strategic approach to proposed risks.

Target driven: this element helps in managing the risk by focusing upon key areas as strategic, operations, reporting and compliance. The objective categories mainly assist in managing the challenges and implementation of various events. The corresponding plans and strategies also assist in building the framework with more strategic approach.

Measurable: this element also recognised as an evaluating part of risk management. In this approach the internal environment helps in understating the key objectives and bifurcation of risk possibilities in separate sections. The measurable has sub internal facts as internal environment, objectives, event identification, impact upon likelihood and risk responses and control activities.

Risk management strategy of Ted Baker

The most important foreign currency variability exposure refers to currency transactions, mainly the US dollar and the pound. A percentage of the Organization's investments were hedged in line with the Band's risk mitigation strategy, which enables the hedging of foreign currency up to 24 days in advance. The Board states that there was an ongoing process to identify, evaluate and handle the Group's major risks that have been in effect for the duration and up to the date certain financial statements were approved and also that the Board periodically reviews this system.  The hedging difference is managed with categorising the working capital requirement for the year ended 2018 and the key difference between the actual sources available to organisation in order to retrieve these differences. The internal funds as retain earnings are being used by organisation in order to maintain an effective order of utilising the financial resources within operations (Annual report of Ted Baker, 2018).

Dividend policy

Generally, the Board is responsible for the risk management and internal control process of the Group and for assessing its efficacy and evaluating the risk appetite of the Group. The board of directors decided to retain the dividend cover of 2.1 times. Nonetheless, these systems are built to manage risk of achieving business goals instead of remove them, and can only provide rational and not complete subject to material misstatement and losses (Annual report of Ted Baker, 2018).

c) Evaluation of financial ratios

Financial performance of organisation mainly affects the interest of stakeholders and shareholders. There are some financial measures are made with the help of which accountants and financials be able to analyse the financial strength of organisation in effective manner. Ratio analysis is one of the key branch of financial analysis that reflects the efficiency of business by evaluating type of financial ratios (Fratzscher, Duca and Straub, 2016). Few financial ratios are assessed below to measure the financial performance of Ted Baker.

(i) Operating profit margin

This ratio mainly defines the relation between the cost of goods sold and revenues. It reflects that how proportion of revenues left out after bearing cost of goods and operating cost.

PBIT = (operating profit / Revenues) * 100

Interpretation

The operating profit margin states the slightly increase in the profitability of business for the year 2018. The operating margin increased by 0.21% which is favourable signs for management of Ted Bakers.

(ii) Return on equity

This ratio defines the relation between equity retained in business and net profitability. With the help of this ratio equity shareholders be able to analyse that how much profitability is generated by the organisation in respect of net profitability (Wiesel, 2018).

(ROE) = Net profit / shareholder’s equity *100

Interpretation

Return on equity shoes an increase for the year 2018 due to increased number of shareholder’s equity in the end of 2017. The share slightly increased by 1.43% for the succeeding year.

(iii) Debt equity ratio

The equity-equity level is a calculation of the relative investment in the assets worked in company by lenders and investors or shareholders. Stated, the debt-equity balance is also the sum of total deep-term debt and equity assets in the company.

D/E ratio = Total liability / Total shareholder’s equity

Interpretation

The above calculated figures shows the debt to equity ratios for the year ending 2017-2018. It is evaluated that the ratio gets increased by 23.68% for the year 2018 due to increase in total liabilities and long term debts of org

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